ABC data offer a framework for understanding behavior and is the foundation of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA).Professionals in the field of ABA often refer to ABC data as the 3-term contingency. The 3 terms include the antecedent (A), the behavior (B) and the consequence (C). Each component contributes to a greater understanding of why behavior continues. Once the ABC data is collected, the information is used to build a Behavior Intervention Plan (BIP) or to develop a plan for skill acquisition.
Antecedent:
The antecedent occurs moments before the behavior of interest.You might call the antecedent the trigger or view it as what provokes the behavior. Antecedents that commonly trigger maladaptive behavior.
Some of these maladaptive behaviors include:
Demand
Restricted attention
Denied access to a preferred item or activity
Environmental stimuli such as lights, noise or temperature
Transitions
Unstructured time
Behavior:
Behavior is anything that a person does. For the sake of ABC data, this is behavior you want to learn more about. This behavior may be desirable or undesirable.
Examples Include:
Pushing items off a shelf or table.
Throwing a marker farther than one foot.
Kicking a bucket resulting in the items in the bucket being dumped on the floor.
Holding an inset puzzle upside down while standing resulting in the pieces being dumped on the floor.
Non-Examples Include:
Turning an inset puzzle upside down over a table prior to completing the puzzle resulting in one or more pieces falling on the floor.
Kicking or throwing a ball in the gross motor space.
Consequence:
The consequence occurs immediately after the behavior you want to learn more about.
Common consequences that maintain behavior include:
Attention in the form of praise, discussion or a reprimand
Escape from an aversive task or sensory stimulation
Access to a preferred item or activity
Here is an example of an ABC Technique:
When a consequence follows a behavior and that behavior occurs more often (or with greater intensity or for longer durations), that consequence has a reinforcing effect. When a consequence follows a behavior and that behavior occurs less often (or with less intensity or for shorter durations), that consequence has a punishing effect. Reinforcement or punishment is not an inherently good or bad consequence, but instead describes the effect of the stimuli on behavior (i.e. does the behavior increase or decrease).
citation:
تعليقات